Cytological and Molecular Assessment of Sputum Specimens of the Individuals Suspected to Have Tuberculosis in Wua Settlement in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Authors

  • Utume A Wilson Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Iorkosu T Salvin Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Daramola E Funke Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Aba D Terseer Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Goyang T Juliana Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Davou G Irmiya Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • James O Adisa Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Solomon M Gamde Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Plateau State University, Bokkos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Bahuyak A Gracious Zankli Research Laboratory, Bingham University, New Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v9i4.868

Keywords:

Pulmonary tuberculosis, sputum test, cytopathologic technique, GeneXpert

Abstract

Background: Approximately 2 million individuals worldwide die of lung tumors each year, accounting for 25% of all cancer-related deaths. Nigeria has the sixth highest rate of tuberculosis worldwide and the highest incidence in Africa. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate cytological and molecular parameters of sputum specimens collected from individuals suspected to have tuberculosis in Wua Settlement in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out from June to October of 2024. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, knowledge and awareness, and behavioural factors of the respondents. One hundred and eleven subjects participated in this research. Sputum specimens were collected from each participant using sterile sputum containers. Papanicolaou’s stain, GeneXpert, and direct Gram of the sputum were conducted. Results: Of the 111 participants, 94(84.7%) were farmers by occupation. About risk factors, 22(19.8%) reported being smokers, with smoking duration ranging between 1 and 20 years, while 50(45%) admitted to consuming alcohol. 93(88.3%) participants had normal sputum smears, 17(15.5%) showed signs of inflammation, and 1(0.9%) had a premalignant condition. No case of MTB was detected. Other findings included Gram-positive cocci arranged in chains in 86(77.5%) participants, in clusters in 17(15.5%), Gram-positive diplococci in 2(1.8%), and Gram-negative bacilli in 6(5.4%). Conclusion: Cytological and molecular assessment techniques played a vital role in sputum analysed for determination of the bacterial infections’ distribution and percentage distribution of cellular abnormalities in the study participants.

International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 09 No. 04 Oct’25 Page: 243-251

 

Author Biographies

Utume A Wilson, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

 

 

Iorkosu T Salvin, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

 

 

Daramola E Funke, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

 

 

Aba D Terseer, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

 

 

Goyang T Juliana, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

 

 

Davou G Irmiya, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

 

 

James O Adisa, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

 

 

Solomon M Gamde, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Plateau State University, Bokkos, Plateau State, Nigeria

 

 

Bahuyak A Gracious, Zankli Research Laboratory, Bingham University, New Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

 

 

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Published

2025-11-01

How to Cite

Wilson, U. A., Salvin, I. T., Funke, D. E., Terseer, A. D., Juliana, G. T., Irmiya, D. G., … Gracious, B. A. (2025). Cytological and Molecular Assessment of Sputum Specimens of the Individuals Suspected to Have Tuberculosis in Wua Settlement in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS), 9(4), 243–251. https://doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v9i4.868

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025)

Section

Original Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Utume A Wilson, Iorkosu T Salvin, Daramola E Funke, Aba D Terseer, Goyang T Juliana, Davou G Irmiya, James O Adisa, Solomon M Gamde, Bahuyak A Gracious

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