Predicting Functional Neurological Outcome in Haemmorhagic Stroke using Intracerebral Haemorrhage (ICH) score

Abstract

There are numerous evidences for correlation of clinical and radiological parameters with morality in patients with acute haemorrhagic stroke but there is lack of studies in predicting functional outcome. This prospective, observational, cohort study conducted in 100 adult patients of spontaneous intra cerebral haemorrhage. Data pertaining to patients clinical and radiological profile including intracerebral haemmorhage (ICH) score was recorded at admission. After 12 weeks, assessment of functional neurological recovery was done using modified Rankin’s Scale (mRS) and was correlated with clinical-radiological parameters and ICH score. The major risk factors of acute haemorrhagic stroke, hypertension and age did not influence functional outcome at 12 weeks (p>0.05). However, high mean SBP, DBP and HbA1C at presentation were associated with poor recovery. Among clinical parameters, low GCS and focal neurological deficit strongly correlated with poor functional outcome (p<0.001). The functional independence was highest in basal ganglia haematoma (55.8%), followed by lobar (42.9%) and thalamus (35.7%). Cerebellum and brainstem involvement had worst functional outcome. However, the site specific difference was not statistically significant. High haematoma volume (>30 cc), intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), midline shift, hydrocephalus and low GCS at presentation have been associated with poor functional outcome (p<0.05). Functional independence rate for ICH score 0.1 and 2 were 100%, 74% and 54%, respectively at 12 weeks. Clinical and radiological parameters including ICH score can predict and stratify the functional neurological outcome in acute haemorrhagic stroke. Thus in addition to predicting 30 day mortality, ICH score can also help in prognosticating functional outcome in ICH patients.

International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 10 No. 01 Jan’26 Page: 14-21